On 3 December 2025, the French Ministry of Health reported two imported human Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) cases with travel history to the Arabian Peninsula.

Increases in infections due to SARS-CoV-2, associated with an increase in detections of the NB.1.8.1 variant, have been observed in some countries in Asia (including China, Hong Kong, Singapore) in recent weeks. ECDC and WHO have classified NB.1.8.1 as a variant under monitoring (VUM).

Every month ECDC provides detailed epidemiological overview of the worldwide transmission of mpox in its weekly threat report.

In recent months there have been reports of monkeypox virus clade I cases in different EU/EEA countries following the geographic expansion of monkeypox virus clade I since mid-2024. This epidemiological update summarises these recent events.

Almost all countries reporting data to ECDC are observing sharp increases in indicators of both influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity, with a visible impact in secondary care.

In 2024, over 24 000 confirmed or suspected mpox cases due to MPXV clade I and clade II, including over 600 deaths, have been reported from Africa Union Member States, including over 5 000 confirmed cases.

Since the beginning of mpox monitoring in 2022, and as of 31 July 2024, over 100 000 confirmed cases of mpox due to monkeypox virus (MPXV) clade I and clade II, including over 200 deaths among confirmed cases, have been reported by more than 120 countries globally.

Since the beginning of mpox monitoring in 2022 and until 31 July 2024, 102 977 confirmed cases of mpox due to MPXV clade I and clade II, including 219 deaths, have been reported by 121 countries globally, according to WHO (2022-24 Mpox (Monkeypox) Outbreak: Global Trends (shinyapps.io)). All cases of MPXV clade I have been reported from the African continent apart from one reported by Sweden and one by Thailand.

There has been an increase in the number of people infected with monkeypox virus (MPXV) clade I in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) since November 2023.

There has been an increase in the number of people infected with monkeypox virus (MPXV) clade I in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) since November 2023.

This report provides an overview of the total number of cases of mpox (monkeypox) reported to ECDC and the WHO Regional Office for Europe through IHR/EWRS mechanisms .

Since December 2023 there has been a large increase in the number of mpox cases reported in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

Since the beginning of 2025, and as of 10 December 2025, 14 MERS cases (including three fatalities) have been reported with date of onset in 2025. Among these, 12 cases (including three fatalities) have been reported in Saudi Arabia, and two imported cases have been reported in France

During the 2023 West Nile virus transmission season, and as of 4 January 2024, 709 locally acquired human cases of West Nile virus infection, including 67 deaths, were reported by nine European Union countries.

Several viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens are expected to continue co-circulating at variable levels during the coming months, and contribute to increased morbidity and mortality during this period. This is typical of every winter season.

In recent weeks, signals of SARS-CoV-2 transmission have increased from previously very low levels in the EU/EEA.

Since January 2022, and as of 11 August 2023, 281 confirmed diphtheria cases, as per the EU case definition (2022: 224 cases, 2023: 57 cases), and four deaths were reported in the EU/EEA.

In 2023, after several months of very low rates of infection, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission has started to increase in some EU/EEA countries.

Since 2022, and as of 17 July 2023, 19 neonates with severe Echovirus 11 (E11) infection have been reported in the EU/EEA, by France, Croatia, Sweden, Spain, and Italy, and nine of these neonates have died.

Since April 2023, over 300 shigellosis cases, many with multidrug-resistant Shigella sonnei -infections, have been reported to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC).